Write in the first nine published on the occasion of the Central Document No.
rural areas, farmers, the fourth generation leadership of the party’s collective referred to an unprecedented level. Since 2004, the central government released nine first document physiocrats agriculture, benefiting the agriculture. From a series of concrete policy measures to promote farmers increase production, agricultural taxes Daxing irrigation and water conservancy, the development of agricultural science and technology around the “Three Rural Issues”. Policies density, great intensity, the breakthrough has never been greater. “Farmers are not rich, China is not rich; not agriculture, China is not strong.” Since the Sixteenth Congress, the Central established to solve the “three rural” issue as a top priority of the strategic thinking of the party’s work to develop the industry to support agriculture, cities support rural areas and to the guidelines, taking less and liberalize and concentrate on to do a lot related to the major event of the long-term agricultural and rural development, the relationship between farmers’ immediate interests of a good thing, many epoch-making landmark. Agriculture and Rural Development has made ​​great achievements and the development of the “three rural” into a “golden period”. Grain yield year after year, income is rising every year, sustainable development of rural economy. Since the Sixteenth Congress, the “three rural” work for a new level, has made ​​remarkable achievements, have made ​​outstanding contributions to the development of the national economy, to become the best period in history. (A) For nine consecutive years, the Central Document No. Although both focus on “three rural”, but the annual theme and focus in another direction, summed up as: difficulty grasping, strong foundation, heavy grass-roots level, long-term outlook. Grasp and difficult. The introduction of the 2004 and 2009, the central file 1, coincides with the critical period of economic and social development. Since the new century as a “rural” Document. Central Document No. 2004, issue of great significance. It is the beginning of the Chinese agricultural policy began to shift, with the iconic role. After 30 years of reform and opening up, Chinese economy has maintained sustained and rapid growth momentum, “Let some people get rich first” has become a reality. However, the reform and development of rural areas continue to face new problems, lack of motivation of grain production, farmers’ income growth constraints increase. Beginning in 1997, farmers’ income growth for four consecutive years of decline. 1997 to 2003, the income of the farmers for seven consecutive years, an increase of less than 4%, less than one fifth of the income of urban residents incremental. Grain producing areas and the majority of farmers’ income continued to hover and even reduction of various social undertakings in rural areas also fall into the low growth period. January 2004, the National Farmers ‘per capita net income was a continuous slow growth, the central authorities issued the CPC Central Committee and State Council on the theme to promote the farmers to increase income of a number of policy advice “to increase farmers’ income” as the Central Document No. This is a major event benefiting 900 million farmers, and herald a new round of rural productivity liberation, the big climax. China’s rural reform started in 1978, has opened a new one. 2004 an extraordinary year for agriculture and rural economy. Two relief, subsidies, “the Chinese agriculture out of the years of wandering, China’s grain production to get rid of the shadow of the five consecutive years of reduced incomes of peasants out of seven consecutive years of low-speed hovering. Central Committee on the “three rural” work “less” a “plus” policy, a total of 45 billion yuan to farmers affordable, rural per capita direct income of about $ 50. In addition, the indirect income effect is more significant grain production due to the policy guidance to the farmers. 2009 may be the most difficult year for China’s economic development in the new century, but also to consolidate the development of agriculture and rural areas the situation is very difficult year. The face of difficulties, the theme to promote the steady development of agriculture farmers continued to increase, “the 2009 Document No.” Two resolute “,” two guarantees “: resolutely to prevent food production landslide, resolutely prevent the wandering of farmers’ income. Ensure the steady development of agriculture, to ensure social stability in rural areas. The face of the severe impact of a history of unprecedented global financial crisis, in the face of years without a major test case of natural disasters, in the grim situation of the economic crisis, the central collective leadership with deep, insightful, forward-looking eyes, and grasp the overall situation, firm and effective response to crisis means and measures accurately in place, not only for China and the whole world, have far-reaching impact. (B) Strong foundation. Central Policy has played a strong power of farmers’ incomes go up again, the food and agricultural prices have gradually stabilized, the “three rural” issues at stake temporarily ease. However, agriculture is still the weak link of the national economic development, into the fragile basis of the situation has not changed; continued to decrease in arable land, shortage of freshwater resources, financial and technological support, irrigation and water conservancy facilities aging disrepair issues such as constraints on the steady development of agriculture increasingly highlighted. Agriculture lay a solid foundation of economic development have lasting power. Therefore, in 2005, the Central Document No. “improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity; 2008 to strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction; 2011 to accelerate the development of water reform. Policy initiatives on agriculture as the foundation construction for many years the Central Document No. with Chinese characteristics path of agricultural modernization, the key is to strengthen the agricultural infrastructure and rural areas of the basic work. 2011 Central Document No. concern is the Central Document No. 8 in the new century, since the founding of new China, the central authorities have introduced the first water conservancy policy documents. Water is the source of life, the production of the ecological base. Water is the indispensable first condition of the construction of modern agriculture, is the irreplaceable foundation of support for economic and social development, improve the ecological environment an integral protection system, has a strong public good, basic, strategic. Review of the Central Document No. strengthen agricultural infrastructure policy, we can easily find this series of targeted, covering a wide range of high gold content, the new policy, new initiatives, more attention to fundamentally solve the problem, focus on basic work, focusing on the sustainability of policies and their effect both the治标与治本. (C) Heavy grass-roots level. Central to the “new rural construction in 2006 for the first document released by the theme, the clear goal of the next five years, China’s economic and social development and Programme of Action, a major historic task of building a new socialist countryside. The file should be made ​​to accelerate the establishment of industry promoting agriculture and urban township long-term mechanism. Central Document No. 2010 theme is “to increase urban and rural development efforts,” pointed out that the urban and rural development as the fundamental requirement of building a moderately prosperous society, to improve rural people’s livelihood as an important part of adjusting the distribution of national income, the expansion of rural demand As a key measure to stimulate domestic demand …… Building a moderately prosperous society, the most difficult, most arduous task in rural areas. To accelerate the modernization of the workers and peasants, urban-rural relations must be handled appropriately. Building a socialist harmonious society, the need to promote rural economic and social comprehensive progress. Agriculture, rural areas and farmers is the fundamental problem of the relationship between modernization as a whole. Building a new socialist countryside is agriculture and rural work on modernization as a whole, a more prominent position. Industry nurturing agriculture and cities support rural areas, promote rural well-off and modernization of agriculture, which is a major step in the modernization. Strengthening agriculture and rural development is a “living chess”, this move to take a good, driven by domestic demand and consumption, so that China’s economic development built on a more solid foundation. Worth written about the history of China, an end to the history of more than 2,600 years of farmers paying taxes in 2006, marking the agricultural tax from out of the stage of history, is a major event of epoch-making significance, benefit hundreds of millions of farmers benevolent rule, of great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance. (D) The concept of long-term. History tells us more successive years of bumper harvest of grain, the higher the probability of a cut; rural situation, the better, the more likely the ideological paralysis appeared to relax the tendency of the “three rural” work. Be able to maintain the good momentum of Agriculture and Rural Development, and need a long-term mechanism. To the construction of modern agriculture and agricultural science and technology innovation “as the theme of the 2007, 2012 Central Document No. maintain policy continuity and stability on the basis of further improve and strengthen in recent years, the” three rural ” work policy, and long-term and proposed a series of new principles and measures. Central Document No. 2007 clearly stated: adhere to the “three rural” issue as a top priority of the party’s work, this is an unprecedented height. Meanwhile, the greater intensity of support for agriculture. Not only to increase investment in the first part of the file, and explicitly in the state has invested an incremental requirement is higher than last year. Moreover, a series of new initiatives of building a new countryside. It can be said that the Central Document No. 2007 is more specific, more gold, more directional. 2012 Central One file is the full deployment of agricultural science and technology for the first time since the founding of new China. In addition to the preamble and the conclusion, Chapter 23. The documents focus on protection of agricultural products to the effective supply of this central task, in particular, highlight the major themes to promote the progress of agricultural science and technology on the basis of Duocuobingju. The paper suggests that agricultural science and technology is the basis of support to ensure national food security, is the inevitable choice to break through the resource and environmental constraints, the decisive force to accelerate the construction of modern agriculture, with significant public, infrastructure, social. The development of modern agriculture and strengthen the agricultural scientific and technological innovation, the objective is to establish a long-term mechanism for agricultural development in China. We must see that China’s agricultural base is still weak, still extensive agricultural development, agricultural supply and demand has entered the stage of the tight balance. With the elements of agricultural production continues to the cities, not only the formation of new workers and peasants, urban and rural areas, “scissors”, and many traditional agricultural areas have been a hollowing out of the village, the agricultural part of farmers aging, the trend. Severe situation and arduous task, and an urgent requirement “wheeled” through institutional reform and technological innovation, accelerate the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. More important is the need to accelerate the progress of agricultural science and technology, relying on high technology to transform and upgrade traditional agriculture. Agricultural development lies in technological innovation. (E) The major decision-making in strategic thinking. “Most important” strategic thinking. Since the 16th CPC National Congress, the new central collective leadership with Hu Jintao as general secretary attaches great importance to the “three rural” issue, to solve the “three rural” issue raised to the location of the “most important” of the party’s work. The Central Rural Work Conference held in early 2003, Hu Jintao pointed out: “In order to achieve the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society of the 16th CPC National Congress proposed, must balance urban and rural economic and social development, more attention to rural areas, the concern of farmers to support agricultural agriculture, rural areas and farmers as the top priority of the party’s work in a more prominent position, and strive to create a new situation of agriculture and rural work. ” “Government Work Report 2004, Central Document No. 2007 and 17 reports mentioned the need to solve the” three rural “issue as a top priority of the party’s work. This is a new era of the new century, our party of “rural” deepening understanding of the problem, sublimation, and the leap is to solve the “three rural” issue guidelines and policy innovation, development and improvement. In this important strategic thinking under the guidance of the great achievements of agricultural and rural development have made ​​remarkable development of the “three rural” into a “golden period”. (F) The important thinking of the development of modern agriculture. 17 report stressed the need to strengthen the fundamental position of agriculture with Chinese characteristics path of agricultural modernization. This is the party’s political report for the first time proposed to go with Chinese characteristics, the path of agricultural modernization “. “Eleventh Five-Year” period, China’s overall agricultural production capacity is significantly enhanced, a substantial increase in farmers’ income, agricultural science and technology and material and equipment to a new level, rural reform and agricultural opening up new steps taken to create a sustainable and stable development of agriculture and rural economy a “golden period”. “12th Five-Year” period is an important opportunity to accelerate the development of modern agriculture. We should clearly recognize that China’s per capita arable land, fresh water has a significantly lower than the world average, agriculture constrained by natural resources has become increasingly prominent by increasing investment in natural resources to improve the agricultural output of the space is getting smaller and smaller. The agricultural development of the fundamental solution lies in agricultural modernization road with Chinese characteristics, accelerate the transformation of agricultural development, promote the progress of agricultural science and technology, improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity, ability to resist risks, market competitiveness and the implementation of agricultural production and operation of specialized, standardized, large-scale, intensification and speeding up the construction of modern agriculture. The construction of modern agriculture as an important process of the present stage of agricultural and rural economic development, through the new rural construction, always. Only the development of modern agriculture, in order to enable farmers to increase their income through the industrialization of agriculture; stable agricultural production, promote agricultural development, in order to play a supporting role in the rapid development of the national economy. This is a theoretical exploration of the new central collective leadership on the path of agricultural modernization. (G) General Secretary Hu Jintao put forward the important thesis of the “two trends”, standing for the future what kind of perspective and solve the “three rural” issue set the tone. Two trends important thesis is put forward by General Secretary Hu Jintao at the Sixteenth Plenary, namely: In the initial stage of industrialization, agricultural support industries for industrial accumulation is a universal trends; but in the industrialized reached a considerable degree, the industry nurturing agriculture and cities support rural areas, to achieve industrial and agricultural, urban and rural coordinated development, but also a universal trend. Central Economic Work Conference held in 2004, President Hu Jintao clearly: Our country is now in general to promote agriculture through industry, stage of development in rural to urban. Since the beginning of the 1950s, China has entered a large-scale industrial construction period. Countries to promote industrialization in rural and urban areas a vast scale, long-lasting and far-reaching social change, to establish full control over the economic life of the planned economy system. This around the planned economic system established by the industrialized urban and rural areas are divided into two lost market linkage sector. After the reform and opening up, China’s industrialization and urbanization, the modern, rapidly increased, creating favorable conditions for the adjustment of agricultural and industrial relations and the urban-rural relations, the industry nurturing agriculture and cities support rural areas become the inevitable choice. Industry promoting agriculture and, in essence, to change the disadvantaged position of agriculture and rural economy in resource allocation and distribution of national income, increasing public financial support for agriculture, public services to go to rural areas to benefit farmers. Urban township in real terms, is to properly handle the relationship between urban and rural areas, and earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers, gradually changing the urban-rural dual structure, creating more opportunities for farmers working in cities, for farmers to get and keep them to create a better the institutional environment. “Two trends” important conclusion is the inevitable requirement to enter the new stage of development is a brilliant summary of international development experience. Standing in the global attaches great importance to the “Three Rural Issues” for the promotion of the whole party and society, a fundamental solution to the “three rural” issue has great significance. (H) Strategic thinking of building a new socialist countryside. Building a new socialist countryside, the Party Plenum proposed a major historic task, this historic task, marking the address of the establishment of the new ideas of the “Three Rural Issues”. Since the reform and opening up, with the planned economy to a market economic system transition and implementation of various reform policies, industrial and agricultural, urban and rural areas have undergone tremendous changes, but the economic and social development is unbalanced, the urban-rural dual economic and social structure did not completely change, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural residents, the majority of rural education, health, culture and other social development, food production and rural incomes increased difficulty, there are a lot of the rural poor to sustainable socio-economic development has brought great difficult, but also become the bottleneck of building a harmonious society. In this context, the central government clearly put forward the strategic vision of building a new socialist countryside, and points the way forward direction for the future of rural social and economic development. The requirements of building a new socialist countryside is: “To insist on from all over the reality and respect the wishes of farmers, solid, steady new rural construction in accordance with the requirements of the development of production, affluent life, civilization, clean and tidy village and democratic management of.” both Panoramic Description of the new rural and theoretical ideas, but also the specific objectives and requirements of building a new countryside. Building a new socialist countryside is to promote rural reform and development of the strategic task under the new situation. This is not only a major historic task in China’s modernization process, but also the relationship between China’s rural reform, development and stability global realization of the relationship between the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in China. The major decisions of the CPC Central Committee to promote the new socialist countryside construction, not only of great theoretical innovation significance, but also has important practical guiding significance and far-reaching historical significance. As a result, China’s new socialist countryside construction was given a new era of content, embodies the distinctive characteristics of the times. (Ix) “Three” and the simultaneous development of innovative ideas. October 18, 2010, Communist China adopted at the seventh session of the Fifth Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 12th Five-Year Plan of Economic and Social Development Proposal “, was first proposed to proceed with in-depth development of the industrialization and urbanization agricultural modernization (“synchronous), the Central Rural Work Conference held in December the same year, the central raised again” three “simultaneous development tasks. From the course of the development of world modernization, industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization and influence each other, complement each other. Not development of industrialization and urbanization, agricultural modernization, lack of motivation; the modernization of agriculture can not keep up industrialization, the pace of urbanization or neglected, will lead to industrialization and urbanization stalled, resulting in “three” are unsustainable. From our country’s historical experience, the steady development of agriculture on a sustained and healthy development of basic support, the farmers live and work has a decisive role in the development of national stability. Therefore, it must be based on national conditions, to follow the rules for modernization, urban and rural economic and social development, accelerate the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, take the modernization of agriculture and industrialization, urbanization, promoted simultaneously and coordinated development of the road. Urban and rural economic and social development, “” synchronization with the 16th CPC National Congress proposed the Seventeenth Party Congress put forward the formation of urban and rural economic and social development of new pattern of integration proposed by the Third Plenary Session focused on building a new workers and peasants, the urban-rural relations the same strain, enrichment and development of urban and rural development strategy, is also central to a major strategic plan based on China’s basic national conditions and “rural” are actually being made ​​to further clarify the direction and goals of building a new workers and peasants, the urban-rural relations. “Synchronization is not only a major task of the” 12th Five-Year “period, but also has significant and far-reaching significance for promoting the healthy development of China’s socialist modernization, and accelerate the realization of agricultural modernization. (X) Under the guidance of a series of “Three Rural Issues” a major strategic thought and theory in a more direct and forceful policy measures, China’s rural and historic changes, the “three rural” work made ​​to make the world spectacular results. Food production to achieve the “Eighth increase farmers’ income to achieve” Eighth fast “, the development of China’s” three rural “into a” golden period “the most important, the most prominent signs. The data show that China’s grain production rarely seen in history “Eighth increase in 2011 reached 11,424 billion kilograms, 2810 billion kilograms more than in 2003, is one of the greatest period of yield increase since the founding of new China; 8 years yields 55 0.6 kg, an average increase of 7 kg, and is also the founding of New China increased yields one of the fastest growing period. Lianzeng starting point base on the basis of continuous droughts and floods, the management of domestic inflation expectations tasks increase the international grain price situation, the achievement of food “Eighth increasing, hard to come by. Strong policies and effective disaster, science and technology in place, Inf, yield a new high is the result of the role of a variety of factors. Grain harvest year after year, while farmers’ income in China for eight consecutive years and rapid growth. In particular, in 2011, is expected to annual rural per capita net income of more than 6900 yuan, a real increase of more than 10 percent, an increase again than in urban residents’ disposable income, is the fastest growth rate since 1985. Farmers’ income “Eighth fast” in terms of continuity, growth, or income amount in the history of New China is the first time, an important symbol of China’s “three rural” work results. December 27, 2011 in the central rural work conference speech, Premier Wen Jiabao said that the agricultural and rural work have gone through hardships and achievements of hard-won. Over the years, a variety of natural disasters, particularly the frequent occurrence of floods and droughts, declining amount of cultivated land, a large number of transfer of agricultural labor, the cost of agricultural production continues to rise, increasing competitive pressures in Agriculture. In this case, the agricultural and rural development can maintain a good situation, the most fundamental reason is the head of the Central Policy measures are effective. (K) Continuing success in the future. Since the 16th CPC National Congress all these years, the historic changes in China’s agriculture and rural areas, farmers have to benefit most of the period, one of the good situation of agriculture and rural development has laid a solid foundation for us to overcome a variety of risks and challenges, to promote the national economy The steady and rapid development has provided a strong support, and made ​​outstanding contributions in order to maintain social harmony and stability. However, in the face of the “12″ the first year of the promising results, we need to keep a clear head to fully understand the challenges and pressures faced by the “three rural”. At present, the situation faced by the macro-control is complex and challenging, especially the downward pressure on economic growth and price pressures coexist. 2012, agricultural production, especially grain production, still attaches great importance. Food prices is the basis of the 100 price. From the point of view of internal factors, with the development of China’s industrialization and urbanization, population changes and upgrade of consumption structure significantly increased the demand for some agricultural products, also some impact on the prices of agricultural products. From the point of view of external factors, international market prices, also affected the changes in the prices of agricultural products. Therefore, the price of food, our policy objective is to steadily raise the minimum grain purchase prices to maintain a reasonable level of food prices, to maintain the basic stability of food prices. Stabilize prices, the key is how to enhance production, promoting development? The fundamental way in agricultural science and technology. Over the past decade, China’s agricultural and rural science and technology have achieved remarkable results, scientific and technological progress on the contribution of agricultural growth rate of 48% in 2005 to 53 percent in 2011, hybrid rice, cotton and some other technical fields living in the world, agriculture The rural science and technology to a new level. However, compared with the world advanced level in China, the overall level of agricultural science and technology gap between developed countries is not small. In the new situation, the development of agriculture by resource and environmental constraints, to solve problems, breakthrough constraints, eliminate bottlenecks, the fundamental way to science and technology, the greatest potential in science and technology, a strong driving force in science and technology, we must accelerate the innovation and promotion of agricultural science and technology . Continuously improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity, by the progress of agricultural science and technology, to improve land productivity, resource utilization, labor productivity … (Xii) 2,000 years ago, I said: the past of have one, get one to clear, to have to have a spiritual, rather God Valley have one in order to profit, all things have a life, Hau Wong a thought the world are. ” “” What is it? “A” is the number. Figures, “a” minimum. “Start meaning of the originator,” “overall, all meant,” a central core of meaning, “” polar, the meaning of the target, “a” starting point and goal meaning. Figures, “because we often talk about” The Season “. Central continuous bursts of 9 years 9 Document No. Jiujiuguiyi is to make agriculture the foundation more solid, is to make this the bulk of the rural areas more development and prosperity, is to let the farmers the largest group of more prosperity and happiness! The Season, to make our agriculture, rural areas, farmers big country rapidly converted into a tower in the east of the world socialist modern power. The first document, the history of China’s agricultural development has opened a page after a new chapter opened up a new era of agriculture and rural economic development. The occasion of the release of the nine first document, we have reason to believe that China’s agriculture will usher in 10 years, 20 years, 30 years more brilliant period of development.